Шпаргалка по "Английскому языку"

The problem of money is important well. Parents buy all things their children need. Very often kids treat their parents as money-bags for receiving pocket money. In result some young people try to find part-time job or to work in holidays.

Yong people want to look older and more independent. They do silly things. Both boys and girls begin to smoke and drink alcoholic drinks. Some of them start using drugs and become drug addicts.

The bridge over the generation gap is the way of confidence and compromise. So called post-adolescence is one of the compromises examples.

Many families are disturbed each year as a result of divorce. In the US about half of all married couples get divorced.

Many children are brought up in single-parent families (= families in which children are looked after by their mother or father, not both) and only see the other parent occasionally. Other children have two homes and divide their time between them. If their parents remarry  the children may have to fit into a stepfamily. They may later have half-brothers or half-sisters from the new marriage. Families in which some children are adopted or fostered) because their own parents cannot take care of them are not uncommon.

19. Generation gap.

Generation gap is a division between young people and their elders. Parents complain that children do not show them proper respect and obedience, while children complain that their parents do not understand them at all. Old people are always saying that me young are not what they were. The same comment is made from generation to generation and it is always true. Every new generation is different from the one that preceded it. This is as it should be. In our society, young people often travel great distances for their education, move out of the family home at an early age, marry - or live with - people whom their parents have never met, and choose occupations different from those of their parents. The young are better educated. They have a lot more money to spend and enjoy more freedom. They grow up more quickly and are not so dependent on their parents. They think more for themselves and do not blindly accept the ideals of their elders.

The old always assume that they know best for the simple reason that they have been around a bit longer. They don't like to feel that their values are being questioned or threatened. And this is precisely what the young are doing. They are questioning me assumptions of their elders and disturbing their complacency. They take leave to doubt that the older generation had created the best of all possible worlds. Traditionally, the young have turned to their elders for guidance. Today, the situation might be reversed. The old - if they are prepared to admit it - could learn a thing or two from their children. One of the biggest lessons they could learn is that enjoyment is not "sinful". Enjoyment is a principle one could apply to all aspects of life. But all the young are grateful to the older generation, because it bequeathed peace and freedom which the young enjoy. The young have had everything easy. And one day young anyway will tell their parents thank you for bugging them about where they were going and with whom. Some day the young will thank parents for letting them stumble, fall and fail so that they could learn to stand alone. Parents love us enough to accept us for what we are, not for they wanted us to be. No doubt, the generation gap will continue to be a feature of our life, its causes are rooted in the freedoms and opportunities of our society, and in the rapid pace at which society changes.

20. Mass media.

Mass Media include newspapers, magazines, radio and TV/

     Many British families buy a national or local newspaper every day. Some have it delivered to their home by a paper boy or paper girl; others buy it from a newsagent or a bookstall. National dailies are published each morning except Sunday. Local daily papers, which are written for people in a particular city or region, are sometimes published in the morning but more often in the early evening.

      The US has only one national newspaper, USA Today. The rest are local. A few newspapers from large cities, such as the New York Times and The Washington Post, are read all over the country. . Large cities have news stands, small covered areas on the street, and smaller towns have vending machines from which people take a paper after putting in money.

Britain has two kinds of national newspaper: the quality papers and the tabloids. The qualities, often called broadsheets because they are printed on large pages, report national and international news and are serious in tone.

The main quality dailies are the Times and the Daily Telegraph The tabloids have a smaller page size and report news in less depth. They concentrate on human-interest stories (= stories about people), and often discuss the personal lives of famous people. Some have page-three girls, photographs of half-naked young women. The most popular are the Sun, the Mirror, the Express and the Daily Mail.

Many magazines are of general interest. Some of these are aimed specifically at women, men, or young people, while others cover a hobby or leisure interest, e.g. sailing. Other magazines are for specialists in a particular field. In Britain there are nearly 7 000 weekly and monthly magazines. General-interest magazines, also called consumer magazines, concentrate on subjects of interest to many people. In Britain these include Ideal Home, Garden News, BBC Good Food Magazine, Mother and Baby.

     In Britain, the newspaper industry, often called Fleet Street, has a major influence on public opinion and is a strong force in political life. The freedom of the press to publish whatever it wants, without the government interfering, is considered important. Newspapers get material from several sources. Staff reporters write about national or local news. Major newspapers also have their own foreign correspondents throughout the world.

     There are state, public and commercial TV stations in the world. Radio is widespread for its portability. It can be easily around. There are 2 kinds of radio stations: informative and musical.

   The youngest kind of MM is global computer net called Int. At present time people can find any infor. About everyth. It gives people the freedom of speech and self-expression. In/ is the most advanced and fast-growing kind of digital media.

20. Mass media

The information revolution which made its humble start in the middle of the 15^th century. The first step in information exchange and mass communication was made through the print media. Newspapers & periodicals, as the major forms of the print media, not only publish information about current events, but also help people to develop their own thoughts and opinions.

Mass media play an important role in the life of society. They inform, educate and entertain people. They also influence the way people look at the world and make them change their views. Mass media mould public opinion. Millions of people in their spare time watch TV and read newspapers. On the radio one can hear music, plays, news and various discussions or commentaries of current events. Today television with its system of numerous channels has developed into a practically indispensable amenity of everyday life.

These days, 50% of homes have a VCR (video-cassette recorder) and millions more are being sold every year. Thanks to DBS (direst broadcast satellites), dozens of new channels are now available to anyone who buys a receiving "dish". Many of this new channels specialize in one kind of program - news, sport, cartoons, music and movies. The third development is cable - a system of hi-tech wires, which provides even more channels at a price. Fourthly, there is HDTV (high definition television), which now offers a much clearer and more realistic picture than was possible even a few years ago.

There is a lot of advertisement on mass media. Some of the TV and radio stations and newspapers are owned by different corporations. The owners can advertise whatever they choose. But it is hardly fair to say that mass media do not try to raise cultural level of the people or to develop their artistic taste. Mass media brings to millions of homes not only entertainment and news but also cultural and educational programs. There are state and private TV channels in Russia. There are also many local TV channels & radio stations.

Practically there is no family that does not read newspapers. Famous American said: "the careful reader of a few good newspapers can learn more in a year than most scientists do in their great libraries". There are a lot of different kinds of newspapers in our country. It is impossible to read all the newspapers and magazines but you can always find a paper which suits your interests. Favorite newspapers of Russian people are "Komsomolskaya Pravda", "Moskovsky Komsomolets", "Argumenty i Facty". In Primorye we read "Vladivostok". It gives a detailed and well-balanced analysis of current events and trends in economy.

The Internet has recently become another important source of information. Its main advantage is that news appears on the screen as soon as things happen in real life and you don't have to wait for news time on TV.

Today many people blame the media for the disturbing increase of violence. The media coverage is filled with depressing stories. Nobody is implying that the media should distort reality but they should include some positive stories to counterbalance the negative ones. Misinformation is one of the worst banes of the media, which can be effectively used by vested interests to serve their ends and to harm the society. All media are at once advantageous and dangerous. Nevertheless, the role of media in the society cannot be ignored. Judicious use of their potential can work wonders in the society.