Шпаргалка по "Английскому языку"

Great Britain

Government

The Cabinet of Ministers

 

Prime Minister (First Lord of the Treasury)

 

Secretary of State for Employment – Mинистр по делам занятости (Dpt. of Empl.)

Secretary of State for Energy  -   Министр энергетики (Dpt. of Energy)

Secretary of State for Industry  -  Министр промышленности (Dpt. of Industry)

Secretary of State for Trade    -   Министр торговли (Dpt. of Trade, Board of Trade)

Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs (Foreign Secretary) –

                                                      Министр иностранных дел и по делам Содружества

                                                (Foreign and Commonwealth Offices merged into one in 1968)

Secretary of State for the Home Department -  Министр внутренних дел (Home Dpt.)

Secretary of State for Defence (former Min.of D.) - Министр обороны (Ministry of Defence)

Secretary of State for Education and Science -Министр образования и науки(Dpt.of E.& S.)

Secretary of State for Social Services – Министр социального обслуживания(Dpt.of Health

                                                                 and Social Security)

Secretary of State for Prices and Consumer Protection–Министр по вопросам цен и защиты

                                                                прав потребителей (Dpt. of Prices and Cons. Prot.)

Secretary of State for the Environment –Министр по вопросам охраны окружающей среды

                                                                 (Dpt. of the Environment)

Secretary of State for Transport *  - Министр транспорта (Ministry of Transport, 1976)

Secretary of State for Northern Ireland – Министр по делам Сев. Ирландии (direct rule)

Secretary of State for Scotland  -  Министр по делам Шотландии (Scottish Office)

Secretary of State for Wales  -       Министр по делам Уэльса (Welsh Office)

Minister of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food – Министр сельского хозяйства, рыболовства                 

                                                                                  и продовольствия (Ministry of A.F.F.)

Lord (High) Chancellor – Лорд-канцлер (one of the leading members of the Cabinet:                  

                                          Chairman of the House of Lords; Head of Judiciary)

(Lord) President of the Council and Leader of the House of Commons- (Лорд)-председатель

                                                                   (Тайного) совета, лидер палаты общин

Lord Privy Seal - Лорд-хранитель печати (малой) (Respons. for adm. of the Civil  Service),

                                                                                                  лидер палаты лордов

Сhancellor of the Exchequer – Канцлер казначейства, Министр финансов

Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster -  Канцлер герцогства Ланкастерского

Paymaster General  - Генеральный казначей (Paymaster General’s Office)

(Chief)Secretary to the Treasury  -  (Главный) секретарь Министерства финансов, 

                 Главный организатор парламентской  фракции (Chief Whip) правящей партии

 

Non-Cabinet Ministers:

Minister for Housing and Construction – Министр жилищного и гражданского

                                                                  cтроительства (Мinistry of  H. and C.)

Minister for Overseas Development – Министр по развитию заморских территорий

                                                              (Ministry of Overseas Dev.)

Minister for Planning and Local Development* - (ист.) Министр планирования и местного

                    самоуправления (входил в состав  кабинета) (Ministry of Plan. and Loc.Dev.)

Minister for the Civil Service – Министр по делам гос. службы (пост занимает Премьер

              Министр, факт. работой мин-ва  руководит гос. министр) (Civil Service Dpt.)

Minister of Posts and Telecommunications – Министр почт и телекоммуникаций,

       Ист. Postmaster General (to 1969), then(1969-1974) (Min. of Posts and Telecom.)

Minister of State – Государственный министр (чл. Пр-ва; обыкн. в круп.мин-вах,           

                              фактически первый зам. Министра соответ. Мин-ва), как напр.:

      Minister of State (Sport) – гос.министр по делам  спорта и туризма;

      Minister of State (Urban Affairs) – ист. гос. министр по делам городов (сущ. до 1974)

Junior Ministers

 

Parliamentary Secretary – парламентский секретарь (член правительства, младший  

     министр (junior minister); является зам. министра по связям с парламентом, где

     глава именуется Minister, как напр., Мinistry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food:

Minister of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food – Министр сельского хозяйства,  

                                                                   рыболовства и продовольствия (senior minister)

     Minister of State – государственный министр (first deputy), первый зам. министра

Parliamentary Secretaries(junior ministers):

     Minister for Fisheries and Countryside – Министр рыболовства и с/х угодий

     Minister for Farming and Food Industry – Министр земледелия и пищ.пром.

 

Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State – парламентский зам. министра (входит в  

    состав правительства; младший министр (junior minister) в министерствах, где

     глава именуется Secretary of State (for), как  напр., Department of Defence:

Secretary of State for Defence  - Министр обороны  (senior minister)

Parliamentary Under-Secretaries (junior ministers):

    Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for the Army – парламентский зам. министра 

         обороны по делам армии (входит в состав правительства)

    Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for the Royal Air Force – парламентский

         зам.министра обороны по делам военно-воздушных сил (входит в состав пр-ва)

    Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for the Royal Navy – парламентский

         зам. министра обороны по делам военно-морского флота (входит в состав пр-ва)

Government

         The government consists of the ministers appointed by the Crown on the recommendation of the Prime Minister, who is appointed directly by the Crown and is the leader of the political party which for the time being has a majority of seats in the House of Commons. The office of the Prime Minister dates from the 18-th century and is the subject of a number of constitutional conventions. The Prime Minister is the head of the government and presides over the meetings of the Cabinet; by convention he is always a Member of the House of Commons. He consults and advises the Monarch on government business, supervises and to some extent coordinates the work of the various ministries and departments and is the principal spokesman for the government in the House of Commons. He also makes recommendations to the Monarch on many important public appointments including the Lord Chief Justice, Lords of Appeal in Ordinary, and Lords Justices of Appeal.

        The Cabinet is the nucleus of government; its members consist of a small group of the most important ministers who are selected by the Prime Minister. The size of the Cabinet is today about 23 and its principal function, much of the work being carried out in Committee, is to determine, control and integrate the policies of the government for submission to Parliament. The Cabinet meets in private and its deliberations are secret; no vote is taken, and by the principle of ‘Cabinet unanimity’, collective responsibility is assumed for all decisions taken.

        The central government ministries and departments give effect to government policies and have powers and duties conferred on them by legislation, and, sometimes, under the Royal Prerogative. Each is headed by a minister who is in most cases a member of either the House of Lords or the House of Commons. There are over 100 ministers of the Crown at the present time; they include departmental ministers (e.g., the Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs; Chancellor of the Exchequer (Treasury); Secretary of State for Social Services); non-departmental ministers (e.g., (Lord) President of the (Privy) Council, Paymaster-General, Ministers without Portfolio)- both senior ministers; ministers of state (additional ministers in departments who are in fact first deputy ministers of senior ministers); and junior ministers (usually known as Parliamentary Secretaries or Parliamentary Under-Secretaries) in all ministries and departments.