Шпаргалка по "Английскому языку"

As a journalist, Karl Marx probably used the newspaper to popularize his views, which in later years affected the lives of almost half the world's population. Furthermore, by enabling the international community to hear the voice of the oppressed and the deprived, the print media has played an important role in wiping off colonialism from the face of the earth. It will be interesting to speculate how Gandhi would have managed to achieve the success and popularity he did, if the print media had not played an encouraging role in India's freedom struggle.

There is a lot of advertisement on mass media. Some of the TV and radio stations and newspapers are owned by different corporations. The owners can advertise whatever they choose. But it is hardly fair to say that mass media do not try to raise cultural level of the people or to develop their artistic taste. Mass media brings to millions of homes not only entertainment and news but also cultural and educational programs. There are state and private TV channels in Russia. There are also many local TV channels & radio stations.

Practically there is no family that does not read newspapers. Famous American said: "the careful reader of a few good newspapers can learn more in a year than most scientists do in their great libraries". There are a lot of different kinds of newspapers in our country. One can buy them practically everywhere. It is impossible to read all the newspapers and magazines but you can always find a paper which suits your interests. Favorite newspapers of Russian people are "Komsomolskaya Pravda", "Moskovsky Komsomolets", "Argumenty i Facty". In Primorye we read "Vladivostok". It gives a detailed and well-balanced analysis of current events and trends in economy. I like to read articles on social issues, interviews, reviews of new books & plays.

There are many great differences between the various national daily newspapers in the UK- in the type of news they report and the way they report it. On the one hand, there are "quality" newspapers: The Times, The Independent, The Daily Telegraph. They concern themselves with factual reports or major national and international events. On the other hand, there are the "populars" and "tabloids". The tabloids - The Daily Mail, The Sun, The Daily Express - concentrate on more emotive reporting of stories often featuring sex, violence, the Royal Family, film and pop stars, and sport. Popular press aims to entertain its readers rather than inform them.

The Internet has recently become another important source of information. Its main advantage is that news appears on the screen as soon as things happen in real life and you don't have to wait for news time on TV.

Today many people blame the media for the disturbing increase of violence. The media coverage is filled with depressing stories. Nobody is implying that the media should distort reality but they should include some positive stories to counterbalance the negative ones. Misinformation is one of the worst banes of the media, which can be effectively used by vested interests to serve their ends and to harm the society. All media are at once advantageous and dangerous. Nevertheless, the role of media in the society cannot be ignored. Judicious use of their potential can work wonders in the society.

Generation Gap

Generation gap is a division between young people and their elders. Parents complain that children do not show them proper respect and obedience, while children complain that their parents do not understand them at all.

Old people are always saying that me young are not what they were. The same comment is made from generation to generation and it is always true. Every new generation is different from the one that preceded it. This is as it should be. In our society, young people often travel great distances for their education, move out of the family home at an early age, marry - or live with - people whom their parents have never met, and choose occupations different from those of their parents.

The young are better educated. They have a lot more money to spend and enjoy more freedom. They grow up more quickly and are not so dependent on their parents. They think more for themselves and do not blindly accept the ideals of their elders. The old always assume that they know best for the simple reason that they have been around a bit longer. They don't like to feel that their values are being questioned or threatened. And this is precisely what the young are doing. They are questioning me assumptions of their elders and disturbing their complacency. They take leave to doubt that the older generation had created the best of all possible worlds. Traditionally, the young have turned to their elders for guidance. Today, the situation might be reversed. The old - if they are prepared to admit it - could learn a thing or two from their children. One of the biggest lessons they could learn is that enjoyment is not "sinful". Enjoyment is a principle one could apply to all aspects of life.

But all the young are grateful to the older generation, because it bequeathed peace and freedom which the young enjoy. The young have had everything easy. And one day young anyway will tell their parents thank you for bugging them about where they were going and with whom. Some day the young will thank parents for letting them stumble, fall and fail so that they could learn to stand alone. Parents love us enough to accept us for what we are, not for they wanted us to be.

No doubt, the generation gap will continue to be a feature of our life, its causes are rooted in the freedoms and opportunities of our society, and in the rapid pace at which society changes.

At a meeting

Meetings are necessary. No organization of any size can proceed for long with each member acting independently. There are many different types of meetings. If the meeting is held to discuss business it is called a discussion meeting, the meeting held to explore ideas is called a brainstorming meeting. And if you want to convey information you call an information meeting. The meeting may also be public, that means anyone can attend it or closed, which is held behind closed doors. Meetings are often seen as a waste of time, but they are in fact one of a manager´s most useful means of communication, whether with subordinates or colleagues – provided they are conducted effectively. This means having a clear idea of the purpose of the meeting and ensuring that the meeting addresses itself to this purpose. It is necessary to conduct a meeting in a certain way. First of all, the chairperson declares the meeting open. He proposes to take the minutes of the last meeting as read. Then he reads the items on the agenda, and if there are no additions or amendments to the proposed agenda, the chairperson announces that the agenda stands. After that the regulations as to procedure are adopted. Next, the chairperson gives the floor to the speakers for the reports on items of the agenda. In the end of each speech there is time for discussion, and those present ask speaker the questions. When the agenda is concluded the meeting adopts a resolution that incorporates all the questions discussed and all the motions made. It is unable to hold a meeting without a chairperson. A chairperson is concerned with two things: one is the subject that is being discussed; the other is the people who are discussing it. The first requires giving attention to appropriate procedures, the second using the leadership skills. The chairperson begins the meeting by stating it´s purpose. Everyone should have a clear understanding of why it is being held. The chairperson should keep the discussion relevant and prevent jumping ahead to the next item or going back to points that have already been discussed. As the meeting progresses, the chairperson makes sure that everyone understands what is being talked about and what is being said about it, he also provides occasional summaries. In dealing with people the chairperson´s main concern is that everyone with a contribution to make makes it. This means encouraging the silent and controlling the over-talkative.