Рефераты по иностранным языкам
The history of london
Курсовая работа, 24 Января 2013
Until Britain was invaded by Julius Caesar in 55-54 B.C., not much is known of the country. Caesar did not include London in the reports on his British invasions. London’s history began with the formation of a camp, which developed into fortified town. Conjecture and legend have built up a story of the origins of London which will not bear the scrutiny of history or archaeology.
The history of science
Реферат, 26 Октября 2015
The emergence of science in Kazakhstan began in the early XX century, when was created the Ural veterinary station (1897), Krasnogorodsky seed station (1909). Later, they added a Ural agricultural experimental station (1914), the Almaty sanitary-bacteriological Institute (1925). To the 40s in the Republic worked 12 universities, 11 research and design-technological organizations, 2 design Institute, 2 agricultural experimental station, 6 factory research and development and engineering departments, Botanical gardens and Zoological Park in Alma-ATA. These research organizations mainly dealt with the issues of development of agriculture and health
The House of Commons
Реферат, 21 Января 2015
The House of Commons is the lower house of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, which also comprises the Sovereign and the House of Lords (the upper house). Both Commons and Lords meet in the Palace of Westminster. The Commons is a democratically elected body, consisting of 646 members, who are known as "Members of Parliament" or MPs.
The Human Digestive System
Реферат, 03 Октября 2013
Phases Include
Ingestion
Movement
Mechanical and Chemical Digestion
Absorption
Elimination
The Implementation of Social Pedagogy from the Perspectives of Practitioners
Лекция, 07 Июня 2013
In recent years the exploration of social pedagogy has increased considerably within services for children
and young people, especially for children in care. Connected to this is a widespread interest in and
curiosity about how ‘frontline’ practitioners could make use of a holistic and overarching concept that
defies definitions and does not come with a ‘how-to guide’. So how have UK professionals who have
participated in our social pedagogy development courses actually embraced and integrated social
pedagogy into their practice? This paper aims to give a short insight into the professional and personal
development of some of these participants, who went on a further learning path and submitted
assignments which were in turn assessed through ThemPra and the University of Lincoln. To establish an
ongoing process of reflection and to enable them to trace their learning, it was a requirement for all course
participants to keep a reflective diary.
The influence of mass media on international relations
Реферат, 05 Декабря 2013
Moreover, many specialists (Chomsky, 1997) warn against the formation of the public image of countries and their policies by mass media. At this point, it is possible to refer to the War in Iraq and the formation of public images of country-outcasts, like Iran, North Korea. Obviously, mass media have a played an important in the formation of the public image of the aforementioned events and countries in global terms that means that mass media have shaped the public opinion in regard to international politics. To put it more precisely, the mass media have become the tool with the help of which the US have managed to wreak panic among the world community that Iraq has the weapon of mass destruction that provoked the war in Iraq and justified the military expansion of the US.
The information technologies and their role in the modern economy
Реферат, 26 Июня 2014
Information technology is a very common phenomenon in our modern society. This industry has already changed the world and continue to play a key role in its further transformation. Without computers and information technology has become indispensable. Not many truly evaluate their influence on many processes in the social sphere, the historic progress, as well as in the economy, which I would like to dwell a bit more.
The Investing Revolutionaries
Реферат, 11 Марта 2013
Dr. Barry Schwartz is a professor of social theory and social action
at Swarthmore College. He joined The Investing Revolution to
discuss his fascinating bestselling book The Paradox of Choice.
The illustration that opens the book finds the professor shopping
to replace a pair of jeans. He gives the salesperson his size and is
immediately peppered with questions: Slim fit, easy fit, or relaxed
fit? Stonewashed or distressed? Button-fly or zipper? Faded or regular?
His response to the salesperson is, “I just want regular jeans.
You know, the kind that used to be the only kind.” The salesperson
has no idea what he is talking about.
The law of Demand and Supply
Реферат, 09 Декабря 2013
The United States has a free enterprise economy. To make a profit, producers provide products at the highest possible price. Consumers serve their own interests by purchasing the best products at the lowest possible price. The forces of supply and demand establish the price that best serves both producers and consumers.Demand is the desire to have some good or service and the ability to pay for it.
The marketing environment
Контрольная работа, 12 Мая 2014
Managing the marketing function would be hard enough if the marketer had to deal only with the controllable marketing-mix variables. But the company operates in a complex marketing environment consisting of uncontrollable forces to which it must adapt. The environment produces both threats and opportunities. The company must carefully analyze its environment so that it can avoid the threats and take advantage of the opportunities.
Companies may think that they have few opportunities, but this belief shows a failure to think strategically about what business they are in and what strengths they have.
The modern office: Russian and Western approaches differ
Контрольная работа, 21 Марта 2013
An opinion poll conducted among designers of office décor has yielded a stunning result: There is a clear dividing line between “Westerners” and “Russian traditionalists” with regard to the appearance of a contemporary office. Although the two groups of designers fulfill different orders to decorate different orders, the former believe that their task is to competently apply Western design solutions in Russia, while the latter counter that “Russia is unique in its specifics, which demand special solutions.”
The modern office: Russian and Western approaches differ
Контрольная работа, 28 Сентября 2013
An opinion poll conducted among designers of office décor has yielded a stunning result: There is a clear dividing line between “Westerners” and “Russian traditionalists” with regard to the appearance of a contemporary office. Although the two groups of designers fulfill different orders to decorate different orders, the former believe that their task is to competently apply Western design solutions in Russia, while the latter counter that “Russia is unique in its specifics, which demand special solutions.”
What are the main differences between these approaches to the organization of office space? If, for example, a Western company organizes a Moscow office, it will practically resemble a standard Western office, which typically has open space with no partitions, with each workplace well planned, with a minimum of furniture, and with a well-defined color spectrum. A Western office strictly conforms to ergonomics as regards lighting, intercom, and computer network - all forming an integral part of the interior décor.
The most comfortable way of travelling
Творческая работа, 19 Ноября 2013
Travelling – is the most popular way of spending your holidays. Every person travels to see other countries, to get new impressions, to meet new people, to try different dishes, to “touch” another, unusual for you culture. The best way to study geography is to travel all over the world. And there are a lot of ways of travelling. They are divided into expensive and cheap, fast and slow, with different conveniences and without them. You can travel by ship, car, plane, train, bus and etc. Fortunately, there is a wide choice of means of transport in our days. And which kind of transportation will be chosen depend only on you and your destination.
The muscular system
Реферат, 15 Октября 2013
Muscle is a kind of soft tissue of animals. Muscle cells contain protein filaments that slide past one another, producing a contraction that changes both the length and the shape of the cell. Muscles function to produce force and cause motion. They are primarily responsible for maintenance of and changes in posture, locomotion of the organism itself, as well as movement of internal organs, such as the contraction of the heart and movement of food through the digestive system via peristalsis.
The nature of English Word Stress
Реферат, 04 Декабря 2015
Word stress is not used in all languages. Some languages, Japanese or French for example, pronounce each syllable with eq-ual em-pha-sis. Other languages, English for example, use word stress.
Word stress is your magic key to understanding spoken English. Native speakers of English use word stress naturally. Word stress is so natural for them that they don't even know they use it. Non-native speakers who speak English to native speakers without using word stress, encounter two problems:
The Nobel medal for Physics
Доклад, 05 Декабря 2012
According to Charters of the Nobel Fund from June 29, 1900: "Establishments awarding by the Nobel Prize should provide to each winner a monetary prize, the diploma, and a gold medal on which Alfred Nobel is represented and the corresponding inscription" is executed.
The Noise Problem
Реферат, 04 Сентября 2015
Though long of concern to neighbors of major airports, aircraft noise first became a major problem with the introduction of turbojet-powered commercial aircraft (Tupolev 104, Boeing 707, Dehavilland Comet) in the late 1950s. It was recognized at the time that the noise levels produced by turbojet powered aircraft would be unacceptable to persons living under the take-off pattern of major airports. Accordingly, much effort was devoted to developing jet noise suppressors, with some modest success.
The Ocean
Реферат, 02 Июля 2013
As I mentioned in my introduction assignment, I was born in another country. My first and never forgettable experience is my first appearance on the Ocean beach. It was a day when my friend brought me to the Fire Island, it is South part of Long Island. Fire Island is a very unique place, because from one side it is connect with Pacific Ocean, and another side connect with a Bay. My first view on the Ocean it was my first experience of touching something really great and huge. I have never seen in my life the Ocean before.
The Older Historical School, History Of Old School
Реферат, 04 Июня 2012
The important writers of the older historical school are Friedrich List (1789-1846), Wilhelm Roscher (1817-1894), Bruno Hildebrand (1812-1878), and Karl Knies (1821-1898). They contended that classical economic theory did not apply to all times and cultures and that the conclusions of Smith, Ricardo, and J. S. Mill, though valid for an industrializing economy such as England's, did not apply to agricultural Germany.
The Olympic Games
Реферат, 15 Декабря 2013
In 776 BC the first Olympic Games were held at the foot of Mount Olympus to honour the Greek's chief God, Zeus. The Greeks emphasized physical fitness and strength in their education of youth. Therefore contests in running, jumping, discus and javelin throwing, boxing and horse and chariot racing were held in individual cities, and the winners competed every four years at Mount Olympus. Winners were greatly honoured by having olive wreaths placed on their heads and having poems sung about their deeds. Originally these were held as games of friendship, and any wars in progress were halted to allow the games take place.
The Olympic Games
Сочинение, 10 Июня 2014
Let me dwell on the following topic: “The Olympic Games”. The world's greatest international sports games are known as the Olympic Games. Actually, the Olympic idea means friendship, fraternity and cooperation among the people of the world. The Olympic Movement proves that real peace can be achieved through sport. Moreover, the Olympic emblem is five interlinked rings: blue, yellow, black, green and red. They represent the five continents.
Speaking about the history, I may say that the original Olympic Games began in ancient Greece in 776 B.C. These games were part of a festival held every fourth year in honour of God Zeus at the place called Olympia. It was a great athletic festival, including competitions in wrestling, foot racing and chariot racing, rowing and others. The games were for men only. Greek women were forbidden not only to participate but also to watch the Olympics.
The Olympic Games in Sochi of 2014
Реферат, 13 Февраля 2014
For the Olympic Games in Sochi all began when on June 22, 2006 the president of the IOC Jacques Rogge from seven applying demands told the names of three candidate cities. Them Sochi, Salzburg and Pyeongchang steel. On July 4, 2007 (in Russia was already on July 5) in Guatemala the next, 119th IOC session at which the Olympic Games city owner was chosen took place. Just before vote passed presentations of the applicant cities. Sochi was presented by such athletes as Svetlana Zhurova, Evgeny Plushenko, Mikhail Terentyev (Paralympian) and Alexander Popov; sports functionaries: Vyacheslav Fetisov, Elena Anikina, Shamil Tarpishchev.
The Organization Kid
Доклад, 10 Мая 2013
Recently I have read the article, which is entitled as “The Organization Kid”. The author of this article is David Brooks. It was published in the “Atlantic Monthly”, in April, 2000. This very article focuses readers’ attention on the lifestyle of the so-called American meritocratic elite. This designation, that the author has invented, implies hard-working and super-accomplished students of Princeton and other American competitive universities of today.
The organs of speech and their work. The active and passive organs of speech
Доклад, 01 Марта 2013
Organs of speech are: nasal cavity (полость носа), lips, teeth, alveolar ridge, ‘larynx(гортань), palate (soft and hard), uvula(язычок), tongue (tip, blade(передняя часть), front, back), epiglottis(надгортанник), pharynx(глотка), vocal cords, and tra’chea(трахея).
The air stream released by the lungs goes through the windpipe (дыхательное горло) and comes to the larynx, which contains the vocal cords. The vocal cords are two elastic folds (изгибы) which may be kept apart or brought together (сведены вместе). The opening between them is called the glottis (голосовая щель). If the tense(напряженный) vocal cords are brought together, the air stream forcing an opening makes them vibrate and we hear some voice.
The overview of modern technologies of transporting the baggage into the civil transport aircraft
Доклад, 02 Ноября 2014
There is a significant amount of technologies being implemented at airports in providing air transportation services.
If to talk more detaily about the handling of baggage on the aircraft parking space, it should be noted that there are two technological schemes of this process.
The Paradox
Доклад, 12 Декабря 2012
A paradox is a seemingly true statement or group of statements that lead to a contradiction or a situation which seems to defy logic or intuition.
A paradox is a statement or a situation that contains apparently contradictory or incompatible elements but that is nevertheless valid.
A paradox is a phrase or statement that on the surface seems contradictory but makes some kind of emotional sense.
The peculiarities of technical translation in the sphere of trade
Курсовая работа, 29 Октября 2014
The present course work deals with the lexical problems in translation of technical texts and research the main methods of translation of Technical texts at a deeper level. In connection with the rapid developments in technology and increase the technical information practical value of technical translation was raised.
Translation is a mean of interlingual communication
The political system of the USA
Доклад, 22 Мая 2013
The United States is a constitution-based federal republic.
This country is made up of 50 states and the independent District of Columbia.
Each state has its own state government and state law.
The pragmatic aspect of the sentence
Реферат, 23 Марта 2013
The problem of pragmatics is not new. A significant contribution to the study was made by such scientists as Austin, Morris, Wezhbicka, Grice, Goffmann and others.
So, the topicality of this paper is specified by the need to study such important linguistic subfield as pragmatics and to research the pragmatic aspects of the sentences as well as sentences pragmatic interpretation.
The object of this paper is the sentence and its pragmatic interpretation.
The pragmatic aspects of the sentence
Реферат, 30 Марта 2013
Pragmatics is a subfield of linguistics which studies the ways in which context contributes to meaning. Pragmatics encompasses speech act theory, conversational implicature, talk in interaction and other approaches to language behavior in philosophy, sociology, and linguistics and anthropology. Unlike semantics, which examines meaning that is conventional or "coded" in a given language, pragmatics studies how the transmission of meaning depends not only on structural and linguistic knowledge of the speaker and listener, but also on the context of the utterance, any preexisting knowledge about those involved, the inferred intent of the speaker, and other factors. In this respect, pragmatics explains how language users are able to overcome apparentambiguity, since meaning relies on the manner, place, time etc. of an utterance.