Автор работы: Пользователь скрыл имя, 13 Ноября 2014 в 18:17, реферат
Australia’s unusual fauna and flora is due to the continent having been isolated for millions of years. Continental drift tore Australia away from Africa and Antarctica and sent it on a 45 million year journey northwards. The original mammal passengers on this journey were the marsupials and egg layers ( the monotremes). About 15 million years ago, as Australia drifted closer to Asia, rodents floated and bats flew over the sea to become the first placental mammal colonists. The journey north combined with global cooling to dry Australia out and give rise to its characteristic drought and fire-resistant plants.
Introduction……………………………………………………………………………………..…3
1 Geographical features of Australia……………………………………………………………….5
Physical geography of Australia………………………………………………………………..5
Relief of Australia……………………………………………………………………………....5
Climate………………………………………………………………………………………….5
2 Fauna of Australia………………………………………………………………………………...6
2.1 Origins…………………………………………………………………………………………..6
2.2 Mammals………………………………………………………………………………………..6
2.2.1 Monotremes and marcupials………………………………………………………………….7
2.2.2 Placental mammals…………………………………………………………………………...8
2.3 Birds……………………………………………………………………………………………8
2.4 Amphibians and reptiles………………………………………………………………………..9
2.5 Fish………………………………………………………………………………………….....10
2.6 Invertebrates…………………………………………………………………………...………11
2.7 Invasive species………………………………………………………………………………..12
3 Human impact and conservation…………………………………………………………...........12
3.1 The conservation Council of Western Australia………………………………………………13
3.2 The conservation Council of South Australia…………………………………………………13
Сonclusion………………………………………………………………………………………...15
Literature………………………………………………………………………………………….16
For surfers there would be the real paradise in Australia, in fact winds and marine flows here dispose to engaging in this type of sport. But white sharks that swim up to the beaches on near distances present the greatest danger for sportsmen. The real danger for far swimming in people is presented also by jelly-fishes and blue-ring-shaped octopuses poison of that is mortal for people, if in time not to render to medicare. Annually much unexperienced дайверов perish from the poisonous thorns of lithoidal fish that dwells on a marine day and almost unnoticeable for the eyes of man. Especially dangerous for swimming the south coast of Australia is considered in ocean waters.
North and north-eastern part of coast of Australia, where the most rivers and lakes are with the swamped banks, many crocodiles are led. Some "dental individuals" arrive at in length to 6 meters, often attack large animals and on people. It is categorically forbidden tourists to bath in reservoirs meeting on a way. It is needed to read warning signs all and singular reservoirs have that, with the detailed description of their dangerous inhabitants. In all on territory of Australia the more than 100 thousand adult individuals of crocodiles are counted.
"Deserts". [. Commonwealth of Australia. Retrieved 11 June 2010.